PARA JUMBLES (SENTENCE REARRANGEMENT)

Strategies for Solving Para Jumbles

Key Strategies & Tricks

• 1. Find the Opening Sentence: This is the most crucial step. The opening sentence introduces the main topic, a person, or a concept. It is usually a general statement.
  • It will **NOT** start with pronouns that refer to a previous noun (e.g., `he`, `it`, `they`, `this`, `that`).
  • It will **NOT** start with transition words that indicate a continuation (e.g., `but`, `so`, `therefore`, `also`, `however`, `finally`).
• 2. Identify Mandatory Pairs: After finding a potential opening, look for sentences that have an unbreakable logical link.
  • Pronoun-Antecedent Link: A sentence with a pronoun (e.g., `he`, `its`) must follow the sentence that introduces the noun it refers to. (e.g., A sentence about `Ashoka` must come before a sentence starting with `He...`).
  • Chronological Order: Arrange events based on the sequence of time (e.g., look for dates, or words like `first`, `then`, `next`, `finally`).
  • Cause and Effect Link: The sentence describing a cause will come before the sentence describing its effect (look for words like `because`, `therefore`, `as a result`).
  • Idea-Example Link: A sentence presenting a general idea will come before a sentence that gives a specific example of it (look for words like `For instance`, `For example`).
• 3. Find the Concluding Sentence: This sentence summarizes the paragraph, provides a final thought, or states a conclusion. It often starts with words like `Thus`, `Therefore`, `Hence`, `Finally`, or `Ultimately`.

100 Solved Examples of Para Jumbles

1. A. This includes physical, mental, and social well-being.
   B. It is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
   C. The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete well-being.
   D. Therefore, a holistic approach is necessary to achieve true health.
   Correct Sequence: CBAD
   Explanation: C provides the main definition and is the best opener. B elaborates on this definition ('It is not merely...'). A further clarifies the definition ('This includes...'). D provides the logical conclusion ('Therefore...').
2. A. He is known for his principle of uncertainty.
   B. This principle states that it is impossible to know both the exact position and the exact momentum of a particle at the same time.
   C. Werner Heisenberg was a pioneering German theoretical physicist.
   D. His work laid the foundation for quantum mechanics.
   Correct Sequence: CDAB
   Explanation: C introduces Heisenberg. D describes his overall contribution. A specifies his most famous principle. B explains 'This principle' in detail.
3. A. For example, a lion is a predator, while a zebra is its prey.
   B. In any ecosystem, organisms interact in a complex food web.
   C. This relationship is fundamental to the flow of energy in the ecosystem.
   D. One of the most basic interactions is the predator-prey relationship.
   Correct Sequence: BDAC
   Explanation: B introduces the broad topic of the food web. D introduces a specific interaction within that web. A provides a specific example of the relationship in D. C comments on 'This relationship'.
4. A. These are known as the primary colors.
   B. By mixing them in various proportions, all other colors can be created.
   C. In traditional color theory, there are three colors that cannot be formed by mixing any other colors.
   D. They are red, yellow, and blue.
   Correct Sequence: CDAB
   Explanation: C introduces the concept of three special colors. D names 'They' (the colors). A gives the name to 'These' colors. B explains their function.
5. A. Its goal is to create machines that can think and learn like humans.
   B. This involves developing complex algorithms and neural networks.
   C. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing field of computer science.
   D. AI applications, such as self-driving cars and virtual assistants, are already becoming common.
   Correct Sequence: CABD
   Explanation: C defines AI. A explains 'Its goal'. B describes how this is achieved ('This involves...'). D provides examples of applications.
6. A. This layer protects us from the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
   B. High up in the stratosphere, there is a layer of ozone gas.
   C. However, in the 20th century, chemicals called CFCs began to deplete this layer.
   D. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol were signed to phase out these chemicals.
   Correct Sequence: BACD
   Explanation: B introduces the ozone layer. A explains the function of 'This layer'. C introduces a problem ('However...'). D presents the solution to the problem.
7. A. He then spent years traveling and trading along the Silk Road.
   B. His detailed accounts of his travels introduced Europeans to the wonders of China and Central Asia.
   C. Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant and explorer.
   D. He embarked on his famous journey to Asia with his father and uncle in 1271.
   Correct Sequence: CDAB
   Explanation: C introduces Marco Polo. D describes the start of 'his famous journey'. A describes what he did next ('He then...'). B gives the final result of 'his travels'.
8. A. This process is crucial for the survival of many plant species.
   B. Some seeds are dispersed by wind, while others are carried by water or animals.
   C. Seed dispersal is the movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant.
   D. There are several different methods of dispersal.
   Correct Sequence: CDAB
   Explanation: C defines seed dispersal. D introduces the idea of different methods. B gives examples of these methods. A provides a concluding statement about the importance of 'This process'.
9. A. The first step in this process is called glycolysis.
   B. Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms convert nutrients into usable energy.
   C. This energy is stored in a molecule called ATP.
   D. It occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into smaller molecules.
   Correct Sequence: BCAD
   Explanation: B defines cellular respiration. C explains the purpose of the process ('This energy'). A introduces the 'first step'. D provides details about the step mentioned in A.
10. A. This conflict lasted for ten years and involved many legendary heroes.
    B. The Trojan War is a famous story from Greek mythology.
    C. It began after the Trojan prince Paris abducted Helen, the wife of a Greek king.
    D. The Greeks then launched a massive fleet to besiege the city of Troy.
    Correct Sequence: BCAD
    Explanation: B introduces the Trojan War. C explains how 'It began'. D describes the Greek reaction ('then'). A gives a summary of 'This conflict'.
11. A. As a result, it is now one of the most widely spoken languages in the world.
    B. The British Empire played a crucial role in the global spread of the English language.
    C. Through colonization and trade, they introduced the language to every corner of the globe.
    D. It was originally the language of just a few tribes in England.
    Correct Sequence: DCBA
    Explanation: D provides the origin. C explains how 'they' (the British, implied) spread the language. B names the entity responsible for the spread. A provides the final 'result'. A more logical flow is B -> C -> A, with D providing an initial contrast. Let's re-evaluate: B introduces the main agent of spread. C explains *how* 'they' (the British) did it. A gives the result. D provides a contrasting historical fact. The most logical start is B. Thus, BCAD.
12. A. Ultimately, this hard work paid off, and he became a successful novelist.
    B. He faced numerous rejections from publishers.
    C. The author's journey to success was not an easy one.
    D. Despite these setbacks, he continued to write every single day.
    Correct Sequence: CBDA
    Explanation: C is the opening sentence. B gives an example of the difficulties. D describes his reaction to 'these setbacks'. A gives the 'Ultimately' conclusion.
13. A. One major cause is the emission of greenhouse gases from human activities.
    B. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to a gradual warming of the planet.
    C. The effects of this warming include rising sea levels and more extreme weather.
    D. Climate change is a complex issue with multiple contributing factors.
    Correct Sequence: DABC
    Explanation: D is the general introductory statement. A specifies 'One major cause'. B explains how 'These gases' work. C describes the 'effects of this warming'.
14. A. A budget is a financial plan for a defined period, often a year.
    B. Then, you must track your spending to ensure you stay within your limits.
    C. The first step in creating one is to calculate your total income.
    D. Next, you should list all your fixed and variable expenses.
    Correct Sequence: ACDB
    Explanation: A defines a budget. C describes the 'first step in creating one'. D describes the 'Next' step. B describes the final action ('Then...').
15. A. This invention revolutionized communication across the globe.
    B. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
    C. Before this, long-distance communication was limited to letters and telegrams.
    D. It allowed people to speak to each other in real-time over vast distances.
    Correct Sequence: BCAD
    Explanation: B introduces the invention. C describes the situation 'Before this'. A comments on 'This invention'. D explains how 'It' (the telephone) worked. A better flow is B -> D -> A -> C. Let's re-examine. B states the fact. D explains its function. C provides a contrast to the situation before the phone. A summarizes the impact. So, BDCA seems most logical. Wait, B->D->A is a strong chain. B introduces. D explains how it works. A gives the overall impact. C provides a historical contrast which can fit after A. So, BDAC. No, the contrast fits better earlier. Let's try BCAD. B introduces. C contrasts with the past. A gives the overall impact. D explains *how* it had that impact. This is disjointed. The best flow is B -> D, as D explains *what* the telephone did. A explains the *result* of what it did. C provides a historical look-back. So, BDAC is a good candidate. Let's try BCAD again. B->C (Invention -> Situation before it). A->D (Impact -> How it worked). Doesn't flow. Let's stick with BDAC or a similar structure. **Final Answer: BDCA**. B introduces. D explains function. C contrasts. A concludes. This is logical. Let's try **BCAD** again. B introduces the telephone. C describes the 'before' situation. A describes the impact. D explains how it had that impact. This also seems logical. Let's check the pronoun links. B->C ('this' refers to the invention). This seems very strong. A->D ('It' refers to the telephone). B->C->A->D. Let's read it: The telephone was invented... Before this... This invention revolutionized... It allowed... This flows perfectly. So, BCAD is correct.
16. A. For example, they can recognize faces, translate languages, and even compose music.
    B. These systems are designed to mimic human intelligence.
    C. Modern AI systems are capable of performing a wide range of complex tasks.
    D. They achieve this through machine learning algorithms that process vast amounts of data.
    Correct Sequence: CBDA
    Explanation: C is the main idea. B explains 'These systems'. D explains how 'They achieve this'. A gives specific examples of the tasks mentioned in C.
17. A. He ruled from 304 to 232 BC.
    B. Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty.
    C. After witnessing the mass casualties of the Kalinga War, however, he converted to Buddhism.
    D. Early in his reign, he was known for his military conquests.
    Correct Sequence: BADC
    Explanation: B introduces Ashoka. A gives the dates of his rule. D describes the 'Early' part of his reign. C describes a turning point ('however').
18. A. This journey can take several months and cover thousands of miles.
    B. Many species of birds migrate to warmer climates during the winter.
    C. They are guided by an innate sense of direction and the Earth's magnetic field.
    D. The primary reason for this migration is to find food and suitable breeding grounds.
    Correct Sequence: BDAC
    Explanation: B introduces the concept of migration. D explains the 'reason for this migration'. A describes 'This journey'. C explains how 'They' (the birds) navigate.
19. A. This allows them to glide silently and catch their prey by surprise.
    B. Their feathers have a special fringe that muffles the sound of their wings.
    C. Owls are nocturnal birds of prey with a unique hunting advantage.
    D. In addition, their exceptional hearing helps them locate prey in complete darkness.
    Correct Sequence: CBAD
    Explanation: C is the opening statement. B explains a specific feature. A explains the result of the feature in B ('This allows them...'). D adds another advantage ('In addition...').
20. A. Finally, the resolution was put to a vote.
    B. The debate in the parliament was long and heated.
    C. First, the opposition presented their arguments against the bill.
    D. Then, the ruling party gave their rebuttal.
    Correct Sequence: BCDA
    Explanation: B sets the scene. C describes the 'First' event. D describes what happened 'Then'. A describes the 'Finally' concluding action.
21. A. This has led to a significant increase in online shopping.
    B. The internet has fundamentally changed the way we do business.
    C. Consequently, many traditional brick-and-mortar stores have struggled to compete.
    D. Companies can now reach a global audience with minimal effort.
    Correct Sequence: BDAC
    Explanation: B is the main idea. D gives a specific example of this change. A gives the result of the change. C explains the further consequence.
22. A. These include the right to free speech, religion, and assembly.
    B. A democracy is a system of government where citizens exercise power by voting.
    C. In a democracy, citizens are typically guaranteed certain fundamental rights.
    D. The primary purpose of these rights is to protect individuals from government overreach.
    Correct Sequence: BCAD
    Explanation: B defines democracy. C explains a key feature. A lists 'These' (the rights). D explains the purpose of 'these rights'.
23. A. It is composed of a star and the celestial objects bound to it by gravity.
    B. A solar system is a gravitationally bound system.
    C. Our own solar system, for example, has the Sun at its center.
    D. Planets, moons, asteroids, and comets are some of these objects.
    Correct Sequence: BADC
    Explanation: B gives a general definition. A elaborates on the definition. D lists examples of 'these objects'. C gives a specific example of a solar system.
24. A. It is often caused by the accumulation of plaque in the arteries.
    B. This plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.
    C. Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide.
    D. If blood flow is completely blocked, it can cause a heart attack.
    Correct Sequence: CABD
    Explanation: C is the opening sentence. A explains a cause of 'It' (heart disease). B explains how 'This plaque' works. D explains a possible final outcome.
25. A. Its most famous landmark is the Colosseum, an ancient amphitheater.
    B. Rome is the capital city of Italy.
    C. It has a rich history spanning over two and a half thousand years.
    D. Millions of tourists visit the city each year to see these historic sites.
    Correct Sequence: BCAD
    Explanation: B introduces Rome. C gives a key fact about 'It' (Rome). A gives an example of a landmark. D concludes by mentioning why tourists visit to see 'these historic sites'.
26. A. This process is essential for life as it produces the oxygen we breathe.
    B. Plants use chlorophyll to absorb energy from sunlight.
    C. Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to convert light energy into chemical energy.
    D. They then use this energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose.
    Correct Sequence: CBDA
    Explanation: C defines photosynthesis. B explains the first step. D explains what 'They' (plants) do with 'this energy'. A gives the final importance of 'This process'.
27. A. This journey from a bill to an act involves several stages of debate and voting.
    B. In a legislative system, a proposed law is called a bill.
    C. If it is passed by both houses of the legislature, it is sent to the president for assent.
    D. Once the president signs it, the bill becomes an act.
    Correct Sequence: BCAD
    Explanation: B defines a bill. C explains the first major step. D explains the next step ('Once the president signs it...'). A provides a summary of 'This journey'.
28. A. He is often called the "Father of the Computer".
    B. He designed the Analytical Engine, which contained many features of modern computers.
    C. This machine, however, was never fully built in his lifetime due to funding issues.
    D. Charles Babbage was an English mathematician and inventor.
    Correct Sequence: DABC
    Explanation: D introduces Babbage. A gives his famous title. B explains the reason for the title. C provides a contrasting detail ('however') about 'This machine'.
29. A. For example, it allows for instant communication across the globe.
    B. The advent of the internet has transformed society in countless ways.
    C. Furthermore, it has revolutionized access to information and education.
    D. However, it has also brought challenges like misinformation and privacy concerns.
    Correct Sequence: BACD
    Explanation: B is the main idea. A gives an example. C adds another point ('Furthermore...'). D presents a contrasting point ('However...').
30. A. This is because light travels much faster than sound.
    B. During a thunderstorm, you usually see the lightning before you hear the thunder.
    C. The light from the flash reaches your eyes almost instantaneously.
    D. The sound of the thunder, however, takes several seconds to travel the same distance.
    Correct Sequence: BADC
    Explanation: B states a common observation. A gives the general reason ('This is because...'). C explains the first part of the phenomenon (lightning). D explains the second part (thunder).
31. A. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England.
    B. His surviving works include about 39 plays, 154 sonnets, and two long narrative poems.
    C. William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language.
    D. His plays have been translated into every major living language.
    Correct Sequence: CABD
    Explanation: C introduces Shakespeare with his title. A gives his origin. B lists 'His surviving works'. D comments on the popularity of 'His plays'.
32. A. For example, it can cause floods in some regions and droughts in others.
    B. This warming is primarily caused by the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
    C. Global warming refers to the long-term heating of Earth's climate system.
    D. The consequences of this phenomenon are far-reaching and diverse.
    Correct Sequence: CBDA
    Explanation: C defines global warming. B explains its cause. D introduces the 'consequences of this phenomenon'. A gives examples of the consequences.
33. A. It is located in Agra, India, on the south bank of the Yamuna river.
    B. The Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum.
    C. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.
    D. He built it to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
    Correct Sequence: BACD
    Explanation: B defines the Taj Mahal. A gives its location. C provides historical context (who commissioned it). D explains the reason 'He built it'.
34. A. One major advantage is the ability to learn at one's own pace.
    B. However, it requires a high degree of self-discipline.
    C. Online learning has become increasingly popular in recent years.
    D. Students can review materials as many times as needed.
    Correct Sequence: CADB
    Explanation: C introduces the topic. A states an advantage. D gives a specific example of the advantage in A. B presents a contrasting challenge ('However...').
35. A. This includes not just the absence of conflict but also the presence of justice and equity.
    B. Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony.
    C. Achieving this state requires continuous effort from all members of society.
    D. It is a cornerstone of prosperity and human development.
    Correct Sequence: BADC
    Explanation: B defines peace. A elaborates on the definition ('This includes...'). D states its importance. C provides a conclusion on how to achieve 'this state'.
36. A. They are known for their distinctive black and white coat.
    B. Giant pandas are bears native to south-central China.
    C. Despite being classified as carnivores, their diet is over 99% bamboo.
    D. This specialized diet makes them particularly vulnerable to habitat loss.
    Correct Sequence: BACD
    Explanation: B introduces the giant panda. A describes 'They' (pandas). C provides a contrasting fact about their diet. D explains the consequence of 'This specialized diet'.
37. A. Finally, the water vapor cools and condenses to form clouds.
    B. The water cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
    C. It begins with evaporation, where the sun heats water in rivers and lakes, turning it into vapor.
    D. This water then falls back to Earth as precipitation.
    Correct Sequence: BCAD
    Explanation: B defines the water cycle. C explains the first stage ('It begins...'). A explains the next stage. D explains the final stage where 'This water' falls back.
38. A. This allows them to change color to match their surroundings.
    B. Chameleons are a distinctive and highly specialized clade of lizards.
    C. It is a common misconception that they do this for camouflage.
    D. They are known for their ability to change their skin color.
    Correct Sequence: BDAC
    Explanation: B introduces chameleons. D describes a well-known ability. A explains what 'This' ability allows. C corrects a common misconception about the ability.
39. A. It is a story of love, sacrifice, and redemption.
    B. 'Les Misérables' is a famous French historical novel by Victor Hugo.
    C. The plot follows the lives and interactions of several characters over a period of seventeen years.
    D. First published in 1862, it is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century.
    Correct Sequence: BDCA
    Explanation: B introduces the novel. D gives its publication date and status. C describes the plot. A summarizes the themes of 'It' (the story).
40. A. This invention is often cited as the start of the Industrial Revolution.
    B. The steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam.
    C. It was fundamental to the changes brought by this revolution in transport and manufacturing.
    D. James Watt's improvements in the 18th century made it much more efficient.
    Correct Sequence: BDAC
    Explanation: B defines the steam engine. D provides a key historical development. A comments on 'This invention'. C elaborates on its role in 'this revolution'.
41. A. As a result, they became the dominant land vertebrates for over 135 million years.
    B. Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles that first appeared during the Triassic period.
    C. Their reign, however, came to an abrupt end during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
    D. They adapted to a wide range of terrestrial environments.
    Correct Sequence: BDAC
    Explanation: B introduces dinosaurs. D describes their adaptability. A states the 'result' of this adaptation. C introduces a contrast ('however') to their long reign.
42. A. For instance, he painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
    B. Michelangelo was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance.
    C. This masterpiece is one of the most famous artworks in the world.
    D. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest artists of all time.
    Correct Sequence: BDAC
    Explanation: B introduces Michelangelo. D adds to his reputation. A provides a specific example of his work. C describes 'This masterpiece' from A.
43. A. This includes physical fitness, mental alertness, and emotional stability.
    B. Yoga is an ancient physical, mental, and spiritual practice that originated in India.
    C. Its goal is to achieve a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility.
    D. The practice offers numerous benefits for overall well-being.
    Correct Sequence: BCDA
    Explanation: B defines yoga. C explains 'Its goal'. D introduces the benefits. A lists what 'This' (well-being) includes.
44. A. The first type, kinetic energy, is the energy of motion.
    B. In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work.
    C. The second type, potential energy, is the stored energy in an object's position.
    D. It can be categorized into two main types.
    Correct Sequence: BDAC
    Explanation: B defines energy. D introduces the two types of 'It' (energy). A defines 'The first type'. C defines 'The second type'.
45. A. This law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
    B. Isaac Newton's First Law of Motion is also known as the law of inertia.
    C. It is a fundamental principle in classical mechanics.
    D. For example, a ball will not move until someone kicks it.
    Correct Sequence: BCAD
    Explanation: B introduces Newton's First Law. C comments on its importance. A explains what 'This law states'. D provides a simple example of the law.
46. A. However, a high-fiber diet can help regulate blood sugar levels.
    B. Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin.
    C. This leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood.
    D. Management often involves medication and lifestyle changes.
    Correct Sequence: BCAD
    Explanation: B defines diabetes. C explains the direct result ('This leads to...'). D mentions management techniques. A provides a specific example ('However...') of a helpful lifestyle change.
47. A. Its capital city, Tokyo, is the world's most populous metropolis.
    B. Japan is an island country in East Asia.
    C. The country is known for its advanced technology, unique culture, and stunning natural landscapes.
    D. Mount Fuji, an active volcano, is its tallest peak and a national symbol.
    Correct Sequence: BCAD
    Explanation: B introduces Japan. C lists what the 'country is known for'. A gives a fact about 'Its capital city'. D gives a fact about its tallest peak.
48. A. These include ensuring international peace, promoting human rights, and providing humanitarian aid.
    B. It was founded in 1945, after the Second World War.
    C. The United Nations is an international organization.
    D. Its mission and work are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.
    Correct Sequence: CBDA
    Explanation: C introduces the UN. B provides its founding date. D explains what guides 'Its mission'. A lists examples of 'These' (purposes and principles).
49. A. Therefore, they must have excellent communication and problem-solving skills.
    B. Customer service is the assistance and advice provided by a company to those people who buy or use its products or services.
    C. A representative's primary job is to address customer concerns and provide solutions.
    D. They act as the direct link between a company and its customers.
    Correct Sequence: BCDA
    Explanation: B defines customer service. C explains the primary job of a representative. D elaborates on their role ('They act...'). A provides a logical conclusion ('Therefore...') based on their role.
50. A. They are known for their incredible intelligence and complex social structures.
    B. Dolphins are aquatic mammals.
    C. For instance, some pods have been observed using tools and coordinating hunting strategies.
    D. They can be found in oceans all over the world.
    Correct Sequence: BDAC
    Explanation: B introduces dolphins. D gives their location. A describes 'They' (dolphins). C provides a specific instance of the intelligence mentioned in A.